![]() ![]() The table below lists the speed of sound in various media.So, speed of sound in liquids lies in between the speed of sound in solids and gases. Therefore the distances between molecules is more in liquids than in solids but is less than in gases. Speed of sound in liquid lie in between the speed of sound in solids and gases: Liquid is more dense than gas but less dense than solid. ![]() It takes less effective time for a molecule of a solid to bump into its neighbouring molecule and thus, the speed of sound in a solid is larger than in gas. Due to this, they can collide very quickly. So, the molecules are closer to each other in solids than in liquids and gases. Speed of sound in a solid is larger than in gas: Solids are significantly denser than liquids or gases.Since gases expand to fill the given space, density is quite uniform irrespective of the type of gas, unlike solids and liquids. Speed of sound is independent of the density of the medium only until it enters a liquid or solid.Sound is a disturbance which is propagated by the collisions between the particles.SPEED OF SOUND IN SOLID, LIQUID AND GASES Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License. ![]() We recommend using aĪuthors: Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs Use the information below to generate a citation. Then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, Then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, Want to cite, share, or modify this book? This book uses the For air at sea level, the speed of sound is given by The more rigid (or less compressible) the medium, the faster the speed of sound. The speed of sound in a medium is determined by a combination of the medium’s rigidity (or compressibility in gases) and its density. The speed of sound is affected by temperature in a given medium. The speed of sound varies greatly depending upon the medium it is traveling through. The time between the P- and S-waves is routinely used to determine the distance to their source, the epicenter of the earthquake. The P-wave gets progressively farther ahead of the S-wave as they travel through Earth’s crust. P-waves have speeds of 4 to 7 km/s, and S-waves correspondingly range in speed from 2 to 5 km/s, both being faster in more rigid material. Both components of earthquakes travel slower in less rigid material, such as sediments. For that reason, the speed of longitudinal or pressure waves (P-waves) in earthquakes in granite is significantly higher than the speed of transverse or shear waves (S-waves). The bulk modulus of granite is greater than its shear modulus. Earthquakes have both longitudinal and transverse components, and these travel at different speeds. Table 17.1 Speed of Sound in Various MediaĮarthquakes, essentially sound waves in Earth’s crust, are an interesting example of how the speed of sound depends on the rigidity of the medium. The relationship of the speed of sound, its frequency, and wavelength is the same as for all waves: Similar arguments hold that a large instrument creates long-wavelength sounds. So a small instrument creates short-wavelength sounds. Engineering Physics Speed of Sound table chart including Speed of Sound at a known temperature and density of air, Speed of Sound vs Density of Air. High pitch means small wavelength, and the size of a musical instrument is directly related to the wavelengths of sound it produces. vw is the same for all frequencies and wavelengths. In air, the speed of sound is related to air temperature T by vw (331m / s) T 273K. Small instruments, such as a piccolo, typically make high-pitch sounds, while large instruments, such as a tuba, typically make low-pitch sounds. The relationship of the speed of sound vw, its frequency f, and its wavelength is given by vw f, which is the same relationship given for all waves. The wavelength of sound is not directly sensed, but indirect evidence is found in the correlation of the size of musical instruments with their pitch. The speed of sound in air is around 768 mi/hr (1,125 ft/sec, 343m/sec), or about 5 seconds per mile (3 seconds per kilometer). You can also directly sense the frequency of a sound. The flash of an explosion is seen well before its sound is heard, implying both that sound travels at a finite speed and that it is much slower than light. You can observe direct evidence of the speed of sound while watching a fireworks display. Sound, like all waves, travels at a certain speed and has the properties of frequency and wavelength. Sound travels more slowly than light does. Figure 17.7 When a firework explodes, the light energy is perceived before the sound energy. ![]()
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